Jesus said of divorce: “What God has joined together, let no man put asunder.” For the Church, therefore, marriage, if real, is “forever,” indissoluble. Yet, divorce has become increasingly common. In this context, at the request of Pope Francis, Cardinal Kasper has made a proposal…
A family attending mass.
Kasper’s Position: “The Doctrine of the Church Is a River that Develops”
In its approach to divorced and civilly remarried Catholics, the Catholic Church needs to find a middle ground that does not destroy or abandon doctrine, but offers a “renewed” interpretation of Church teaching in order to help those whose marriages have failed, Cardinal Walter Kasper believes.
Cardinal Walter Kasper
“I propose a path that goes beyond strictness and leniency,” the German cardinal and theologian told Vatican Radio March 10. An approach that avoids the two extremes “isn’t against morality, it isn’t against doctrine, but rather, (is meant) to support a realistic application of doctrine to the current situation of the great majority of people and to contribute to people’s happiness,” he said, speaking in Italian.
The cardinal was referring to a lengthy talk he had given to introduce a February 20-21 discussion by the College of Cardinals on family life. The talk in its entirety, entitled “Gospel of the Family,” was to be published in March in German and Italian by private publishing houses. In the book’s preface, published March 12 in the Vatican newspaper, L’Osservatore Romano, Cardinal Kasper said the upcoming October Bishops’ Synod, in union with Pope Francis, would have to decide what steps to take to help families, but Catholic laity must be consulted.
“We are all celibate while most of the faithful live the faith in the Gospel of the family, in concrete and often difficult situations,” Kasper said.
With such public discussion about the Church’s response to Catholics who are divorced and civilly remarried, the bishops and Pope must say something, he said. “We obviously cannot respond to all the expectations, but if we repeat only the responses that have always been given, it would lead to great disappointment,” Kasper said.
“As witnesses of hope, we cannot allow ourselves to be guided by a hermeneutic of fear,” the cardinal wrote.
In an essay, also published in L’Osservatore Romano, Cardinal Kasper said Church leaders must adopt “a renewed pastoral spirituality that leaves behind narrow-minded legalistic considerations and a non-Christian strictness which burdens people with unbearable weight, burdens we clerics don’t want to carry and wouldn’t know how to carry.”
As a proponent and defender of the family, founded on the self-giving of one man and one woman who bring forth new life, the Church cannot stand by in “resigned silence,” Kasper said.
Marriage and the family are the last defense against a culture that banalizes and commercializes sexuality and reduces the human person and human relationships to what is economically useful, he said.
Cardinal Kasper told Vatican Radio that the responses to a widely distributed Vatican questionnaire about Catholics’ family life — drawn up in preparation for October’s Synod of Bishops on the family — showed “there is a difficulty, an abyss” between Church teaching and the actual situation of many people.
“The Church has to bridge this abyss,” he said, speaking in English. But, he said, that “does not mean pure appeasement policies.” Rather, he said, the Church must explain in a new way what family and matrimony are in order to help people and at the same time remain faithful to the Gospel.
The cardinal said a similar process might be seen in how the Church developed its current approach to ecumenism.
“There were doctrines of the Holy Office (Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith) before the (Second Vatican) Council against ecumenism, yet the Council found a way, not to destroy or negate the doctrine, but found ways to interpret it in an adequate way,” he said.
“I ask myself why it could not be possible also with other doctrines,” Kasper said.
He said he wouldn’t call such changes “a revolution, as much as a deepening and a development,
because the doctrine of the Church is a river that develops and also the doctrine of matrimony has developed like this.”
“It’s not about something new as much as a renewal of Church practice, which is always necessary and possible,” he said.
The primary purpose of his speech to the cardinals, he said, “was not to speak about divorced and remarried people, but to speak about the Gospel of the family” and to foster “a new, better, deeper understanding of family life” as God intended — built on a faithful, exclusive and lifelong union between one man and one woman.
“I think the majority of young people want stable relationships, want to live in a family… and therefore, the Church has to help them,” he said.
“We have to once again strengthen” the sacramental and indissoluble bond of marriage, especially as families today are facing a number of crises, including severe economic difficulties.
The Church must also take into account the many situations of Catholics who have failed marriages, he said, adding that “the Church has to be close to them, to help, support and encourage them.”
“I maintain the full teaching of the Church, but the teaching has to be applied to concrete situations, as Jesus did it and as Pope Francis does very often,” Kasper said. “The doctrine of the Church is not an ideology in the clouds, but God wants to be present, close to his people.”
A protest march on May 26 last year called “La Manif pour Tous” (“Demonstration for All”) against France’s legalization of same-sex marriage. The French parliament approved a law allowing same-sex couples to marry and to adopt children on April 23, 2013, sparking widespread protest throughout France .
Contributing to this story was Cindy Wooden at the Vatican.
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